Cin abinci sabo da yanayin yanayi da yanayin ƙasa, aiwatar da ɗaukar hoto, tsarin marufi, tsarin marufi da wurare dabam dabam da yanayin sufuri (zazzabi da yanayin zafi, sigogin aiki na kushin cushioning da fakitin sufuri, kayan aikin wurare dabam dabam, matakin hanya, mitar girgiza), tsarin tallace-tallace da sauran abubuwan duk suna da alaƙa.Daga cikin su, fasahar marufi da mafita suna gudana ta dukkan sassan samar da sabbin abinci, kuma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen adana abinci.Fasahar tattara kaya - fasahar marufi yanayi da aka gyara a hankali ta shiga fagen hangen nesa na jama'a.
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Canja wurin marufi na yanayi: canza abun da ke cikin iskar gas a cikin kunshin ta hanyar maye gurbin gas, wato, haɓakawa ta hanyar wucin gadi ko rage ma'aunin iskar gas a cikin yanayi na ciki ko wofintar da iskar gas, ta yadda abincin da ke ciki ya bambanta da tsarin iska. (iska shine ainihin abin da ya ƙunshi: nitrogen 78%, oxygen 21%, carbon dioxide 0.031%, rare gas 0.939%, sauran gas da impurities 0.03%) muhalli, ta hanyar hanawa da raunana samar da halayen sinadarai ko kwayoyin halitta a cikin abinci don tsari. don samun daɗaɗɗen abinci Kuma don tsawaita rayuwar rayuwa, abubuwan da ke tattare da iskar gas a cikin akwati yakan haɗa da ɗaya zuwa uku.Bugu da kari, wani tsarin marufi da aka saba amfani da shi a cikin sabbin abinci - fasahar marufi kuma ana kiransa marufi na decompression.A cikin kunkuntar ma'ana, vacuum marufi baya cikin reshe na gyare-gyaren marufi na yanayi, amma yana cikin nau'in fasahar marufi na zahiri, kuma ya zama tsari mai zaman kansa tare da zurfafawa da haɓakar fasaha.Bayan cire iska daga cikin kwandon, ciki na kwandon ya kai matakin da aka saita, sannan an rufe akwati.Amma daga faffadan hangen nesa, gyare-gyaren fakitin yanayi kuma ya haɗa da marufi.
Gas guda uku da aka saba amfani da su a cikin gyare-gyaren marufi na yanayi
Da farko dai hanyoyin tantance ko sabo abinci sabo ne ko kuma ya lalace a rayuwar yau da kullum sun hada da “gani, ji da tambaya”.Duba: lura da launi da bayyanar abincin;kamshi: kamshin abincin;tambaya: tambaya game da ainihin bayanin abincin;yanke: taba abinci don tantance amincinsa.Waɗannan hanyoyin galibi suna bayyana a cikin tallace-tallace da matakan bayarwa na sabbin abinci, wato, gano mutum.Dangane da fasahar marufi na yanayi da aka canza, iskar gas ɗin da ke maye gurbin ta musamman sun haɗa da carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur dioxide, da sakamakon binciken da ake ciki ya nuna cewa ana iya zaɓar wasu argon a cikin adadin da ya dace don wasu sabbin samfura.Koyaya, iskar gas guda uku da aka fi amfani dasu don sabbin abinci har yanzu sune: nitrogen, oxygen, da carbon dioxide.Ƙayyadaddun ƙididdiga na musamman, ko sun kasance tare, da ayyuka a cikin sassan ukun za su canza tare da halayen ilimin lissafi na abinci mai dadi da kuma dalilan da zasu iya haifar da lalacewa.
OxygenGabaɗaya, iskar oxygen yana da alaƙa da numfashi.Kasancewar iskar oxygen a cikin gyare-gyaren marufi na yanayi yana nufin iskar oxygen da abinci da kuma haifuwa na ƙwayoyin cuta na aerobic, waɗanda ba su da fa'ida don lalata abinci kuma yakamata a cire su daga abubuwan gas.An gabatar da aikin ruwa Aw na abinci a nan.Ayyukan ruwa suna auna ƙwayoyin ruwa kyauta a cikin abinci, waɗanda sune abubuwan da ake buƙata don rayuwa da haifuwa na ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta.Dalilin lalacewar abinci shine halayen sinadarai, halayen enzymatic, da girma da haifuwa na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da ke faruwa a cikinsa.Don haka, hana ayyukan ruwa zai sarrafa ingancin abinci yadda ya kamata.Don abinci tare da aikin ruwa a ƙasa da 0.88, deoxygenation na iya tsawaita rayuwar shiryayye sosai;kuma ga sabobin abinci tare da yawan aikin ruwa, deoxygenation shima yana taka rawa wajen kiyaye sabo.Duk da haka, iskar oxygen wani al'amari ne a cikin sabon abincin kaji.
In carbon dioxidegyare-gyaren fasahar marufi na yanayi, carbon dioxide wani muhimmin iskar gas ne da ake amfani da shi don kare abinci.Yana da tasirin hanawa mai ƙarfi akan mold da enzymes, kuma yana da tasirin "mai guba" akan ƙwayoyin cuta na aerobic, amma yana da mummunan tasiri akan yisti da ja aspergillus.Ɗaukar Cladomyces, Aspergillus, Penicillium softening, da Aspergillus a matsayin misalai, lokacin da adadin carbon dioxide ya kai kusan 10%, yawan haifuwa na uku na farko yana nuna yanayin ƙasa;Adadin haifuwa na Aspergillus ya kasance ƙasa da 5%, yayin da gangaren darajar Aspergillus ya ragu sosai bayan maida hankali ya kai 10%, kuma tasirin hana maida hankali akan adadin haifuwar sa ya iyakance.
NitrogenNitrogen kanta ba shi da wani tasiri mai hanawa akan haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin kowane abinci mai sabo a cikin gyare-gyaren marufi na yanayi, wato, ba shi da ayyuka kamar adana sabo da antisepsis, kuma a lokaci guda ba shi da lahani ga abincin kansa kuma ba zai hanzarta ba. yawan tabarbarewar sa.Ayyukan nitrogen a nan yana nunawa a cikin maki biyu: 1) cikakken rage ragowar iskar oxygen a cikin abubuwan gas a cikin marufi.2) Kankare "Dokar DuPont": idan carbon dioxide yana cikin sauƙin sha da danshi da mai a cikin abinci kuma kunshin ya zama mai laushi kuma ya rushe, ana iya amfani da nitrogen azaman mai cikawa don sanya fakitin tallace-tallacen da aka rufe a bayyane, mafi kyau da madaidaiciya. Fadi, ta yadda zai iya jawo hankalin masu amfani da sauri a cikin tsarin tallace-tallace, haifar da sha'awar siye, da cimma tasirin inganta tallace-tallace.Bugu da ƙari, akwai ƴan maki don ƙara: 1) Ba shi yiwuwa a cimma cikakkiyar yanayin da ba shi da iskar oxygen a cikin kunshin.2) Tasirin carbon dioxide akan sabon adana abinci yana iyakance.3) Saboda haka, ainihin tsarin aikace-aikacen tsarin marufi na yanayi da aka gyara don abinci mai sabo sau da yawa yana buƙatar haɗuwa tare da sarkar sanyi (dogara da gas da ƙananan yanayin zafi) don cimma sakamako mafi kyau.
Fasahar fakitin yanayi da aka gyara na wucin gadi
Da farko dai, mabuɗin abun da ke tattare da iskar gas shine kiyaye muhalli mai yawan iskar carbon dioxide da ƙarancin iskar oxygen (gaba ɗaya 1% -6%).Ƙananan iskar oxygen na iya hana ƙarfin numfashi na 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari ba tare da samar da numfashin anaerobic (fermentation);high-tattara carbon dioxide (gaba daya 1% -12%, alayyafo, tumatir har zuwa 20%) na iya wuce da numfashinsa, amma da zarar rabo ya wuce misali zai kai ga "guba" da lalata da shuka Kwayoyin, don haka takamaiman rabo shirin. ya dogara da halayen 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari.Bugu da ƙari, rage yawan zafin jiki na ajiya yana da amfani ga raguwar ƙarfin numfashi na 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari, amma gabaɗaya bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da 0 ° C ba;in ba haka ba, abin da ya faru na "rauni mai sanyi da daskarewa" na 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari kuma muhimmin ma'auni ne don sarrafa zafin jiki.
Idan aka kwatanta da abin da mutum ya yi, fasahar marufi na yanayi da aka gyara yana da mafi girman ƙimar amfani.Makullin ya ta'allaka ne a cikin wasan kwaikwayon zaɓaɓɓen fim ɗin numfashi, wanda ke da alaƙa da amfani da cikawa mara aiki.Yin amfani da numfashi na 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari da kuma zaɓin da aka zaɓa (hanyoyi biyu) na iskar gas daban-daban ta hanyar fim, wani yanayi na ciki tare da babban taro na carbon dioxide da ƙananan ƙwayar oxygen yana samuwa ta atomatik.Takamaiman tsari: Bayan an kammala marufi, saboda shakar 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari, ƙwayar iskar oxygen ta ciki tana raguwa kuma adadin carbon dioxide yana ƙaruwa, wanda ke iyakance numfashi.Bayan haka, lokacin da ƙwayar carbon dioxide na ciki ya yi yawa, aikin zaɓin aikin fim ɗin (ikon da zai iya shiga carbon dioxide shine sau 5 zuwa 10 mafi girma fiye da ikon yin iskar oxygen) zai mamaye karin carbon dioxide na ciki, kuma a daidai wannan. lokaci ya shiga cikin ƙananan adadin oxygen na waje, don kula da ma'auni na ƙaddamar da abubuwan da ke cikin gas na ciki don cimma sakamako na adana sabo.Kayan fim da aka saba amfani da su a cikin gyare-gyaren marufi na yanayi dole ne su sami kyakkyawan shingen iskar gas da kaddarorin shingen danshi don kula da mafi kyawun abun da ke tattare da iskar gas da maida hankali a ciki.Bugu da ƙari ga maki biyu na sama, abubuwan da ake buƙata don aikin kayan aiki sun haɗa da abubuwan da aka haɗe da zafi (ƙarfin zafi mai zafi da sauƙi mai sauƙi don tabbatar da ƙarfin rufewa);hana lalacewa yayin aiwatarwa);nuna gaskiya (ana iya ganin abubuwan da ke ciki ta hanyar kayan fim, samar da ayyuka don dubawa da tallace-tallace);sauran aikin da ake buƙata (bisa ga halayen sabobin abinci don sanin ko kayan yana da kaddarorin kamar juriyar mai da riƙe kamshi) .Zaɓan zaɓin kayan marufi na yanayi da aka gyara a nan yana da alaƙa da kaurin fim da zafin jiki, kuma doka ta gabaɗaya ita ce.
Don taƙaitawa, abubuwan da ake buƙata don aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen gyare-gyaren fakitin yanayi:
1) Yi la'akari da kaddarorin da canje-canje na sabon abinci a ciki don sanin abubuwan da ke tattare da iskar gas da maida hankali;
2) Sarrafa ingantaccen zafin jiki na abinci;
3) Ana amfani da sabbin abinci daban-daban da abubuwan haɗin gas Abubuwan da ake buƙata.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-30-2022
